Policy Brief: Aligning U.S Strategic Interests with Regional Realities in the Horn  of Africa  

August 16th, 2025 

By: Mariam Mohamed

This brief examines governance realities, security cooperation, displacement trends, and  historical lessons relevant to potential U.S. recognition of Somaliland. While parts of  Somaliland function under its own administration, the Sanaag region east of Erigavo is  administered by Puntland’s civic and security institutions. 

Recognition based solely on colonial-era boundaries risks destabilizing existing governance  structures, undermining U.S. counterterrorism partnerships, and creating new sources of  conflict. Drawing on local governance records and field observations, this brief outlines the  strategic importance of Puntland-administered Sanaag and offers recommendations for a  stability-focused U.S. approach in the Horn of Africa.

Governance Realities in Sanaag  

Sanaag, east of Erigavo, is administered by Puntland’s legislative, judicial, and executive  structures. Puntland is a democratic, semi-autonomous state within the Federal Republic of  Somalia, with a record of peaceful political transitions, functioning institutions, and over two  decades of stable service delivery. 

The United States has partnered with Puntland in maritime security and counterterrorism  operations across the Gulf of Aden and Horn of Africa for many years.